Electric Vehicle Grid Integration in the U.S., Europe, and China

This report, commissioned by the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) and the Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP), examines key drivers of EV adoption in three regions - the United States, the European Union, and China – with an emphasis on vehicle charging scenarios and infrastructure. The intent of the report is to identify insights about the choice of charging infrastructure in each region that will both maximize benefits to consumers (thus helping to drive EV adoption) and maximize benefits to the grid from greater EV use. The report examines how these optimal scenarios differ by region, and makes recommendations for policies and electricity regulations that will make realization of grid benefits from EVs more likely.